Machinery & Energetics

Crop yields are a major factor in intensive farming. Many factors influence the yield. Seed is an extremely important technological operation. From the way of sowing, the rules of seeding and the depth of its earnings, the timing of sowing and soil moisture during sowing largely depends on future harvest. The following methods of sowing are known: string, narrow-band, crossstrap, band, band and scatter, which are used mainly depending on agricultural crop. Long-term studies have shown that narrow-sided and cross-cutting methods of sowing are almost the same, and the average yield increase from them is only 1.6 c/ha compared with the line, while in the spreading method, the yield of winter wheat and spring crops is greater by 4...10% than at line item. Therefore, the scattered method of sowing is becoming widespread in many countries around the world. Centrifugal and pneumatic diffusers are used for the implementation of the spreading method of sowing. The centrifugal diffusers are simple in structure but inferior to the pneumatic for the uniform distribution of the seeds along the width of the sowing unit capture. Taking into account the above, a mobile high-performance aggregate for sowing in conditions of high humidity of the soil, consisting of a mobile power tool and a technological module mounted on it, was developed. To ensure high permeability and minimum sealing performance of its running systems, lowtire tires (0.1...0.5 kgf/cm² , overall dimensions – 1300×600×500 mm) are used. Such tires can provide the operating speed of the unit up to 40 km/h, while the unit in conditions of high humidity creates a specific pressure on the soil of only 0.012...0.016 MPa, so it does not leave on the surface of the field tracks and seeding of grain crops with such seed units can start for 2...4 days earlier (under conditions of excessive wetting of the soil), and the implementation of sowing with soil moisture of 20...29% provides a yield increase of 25...30%. The technological module consists of a centralized pneumatic seeding system, which consists of a seed dispenser, a fan, a distribution head, pneumatic seed lines and disperser. To ensure the required seed seeding at high working speeds, it is necessary to justify the operating modes of the seed dosing unit. The necessary dependence of the supply of wheat seeds on one revolving of the dosing reel from its working length has been determined to ensure the minimum and maximum seed rate, the dependence of the second delivery of wheat seeds by the dosing unit on the working length of the coil and its rotational speed, as well as the modes of ensuring a constant supply of wheat seed dispenser, corresponding to the worker length of the coil and frequency of its rotation.

mobile unit, sowing, spreading method of sowing, technological module, dispenser, coil, seed supply